Transformational processes start at the end of behavioral processes this is when nature or people transform the artifact after it has been buried. This combination of the skeleton of a dog and two ceramic bowls from the late Iron Age site of Ban Non Wat is an example of how artifacts and ecofacts are often found together in excavations Alison Kyra Carter, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsĪrtifacts Are the Results of Behavioral and Transformative ProcessesĪ behavioral process entails collecting raw resources, producing them for a specified purpose, and ultimately discarding them. Archaeologists classify such natural materials as ecofacts rather than artifacts, such as fire-split pebbles from a fireplace or plant material utilized for nourishment. Organic remains such as animal bones found within or near human settlements are another example. Pottery containers, stone tools, metal objects such as weaponry, and personal ornamentation such as jewelry, buttons, and clothes are examples of types of artifacts. However, the process of examining ancient world artifacts through archaeology can be hampered by artifact theft and collection, which raises certain ethical concerns.Īrtifacts can originate from any archaeological environment, such as being buried along with a corpse, places where they were used as votive offerings, residential settings, or hoards, such as those found in wells, and even ancient rubbish dumps. There are many types of artifacts, and they are commonly mistaken for ecofacts (such as discovered animal parts) and features (elements in the landscape that appear to be manmade, usually structural) all three can be discovered together at archaeological sites.Ī wide range of studies is carried out in order to better understand historical artifacts and subsequently offer information about them to the scientific and public worlds. Objects such as this bronze Scythian arrowhead can reveal a great deal about the societies that made and used them Stock image In various settings, the same thing may be labeled all or one of these, and more precise terminology will be used when discussing individual items or sets of related ones. In archaeology, the generic word is “artifact,” although in museums, the comparable broad term is usually “object,” and in art history, it might be artwork or a more specialized term like “carving. Archaeologists unearth ancient societies’ structures and utilize the historical artifacts discovered there to study and analyze the past.īecause many ancient societies did not actively document their histories, ancient world artifacts are often the only indications of how the people lived from day to day. Scholars who want to understand an ancient culture can benefit greatly from archaeological artifacts. 4.1 Which Item Is an Example of an Artifact?.1.1.1 Artifacts Are the Results of Behavioral and Transformative Processes.1.1 Which Item Is an Example of an Artifact?.
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